12/31/2023 0 Comments Pathological aging hearing loss![]() Postnatal causes such as meningococcal infections and mumps can also cause hearing loss as a late complication, as well as head injuries or chronic or recurrent otitis media. Perinatal causes are less common, predominantly related to prematurity, low APGAR score, neonatal jaundice, and sepsis. These include exposure to various bacterial or viral infections as well as different teratogens. Prenatal causes can also relate to hearing loss in infants. Mutations, autosomal differences, as well as unknown genetic diversity relate to this type of hearing loss. Genetic causes involve various syndromes that have hearing loss as one of their features however, there is an entire entity of non-syndromic genetic hearing loss, wherein patients suffer hearing loss while the rest of their function is normal. In the pediatric population, genetic causes are the most common, accounting for more than 50% of hearing loss. There are multiple reasons for hearing impairment. Hearing loss that involves problematic transmission before and after the cochlea is called mixed hearing loss. The main difference between the two kinds of hearing loss, apart from the pathophysiological features, is that patients with conductive hearing loss perceive the sounds diminished, while SNHL patients may perceive the sounds diminished and distorted. This loss could be related to hair cell dysfunction or a disorder of the eighth nerve itself. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) usually results from problematic transmission of the stimuli at or after the cochlea. Cholesteatoma, a benign though locally destructive trapping of squamous debris arising from the tympanic membrane, as well as other benign or malignant tumors, can result in conductive hearing loss. The most common causes include abnormal formation of the auricle or helix, cerumen impaction, ear canal foreign bodies, otitis externa, dysfunction or fixation of the ossicular chain, and middle ear effusion. Conductive hearing loss takes place with disruption of the transmission of the sound waves to the cochlea. Hearing loss can be conductive, sensorineural, or mixed. Processing of crude sounds occurs in the higher cortices of the brain, and this includes the comprehension of language. ![]() Subsequently, hair cells inside the cochlea stimulate the eighth cranial nerve that transfers the stimuli to the brain. ![]() Vibration is then transmitted via the ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) to the cochlea. Normal hearing function involves sound waves arriving at the auricle, passing through the external auditory canal (EAC), causing a vibration of the tympanic membrane. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |